Heritage Tourism in Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legacy Tourism in Cities - Essay Example In any case, each legacy contains genuine, hidden or representative significance that assumes a basic job in naming its discernment in the public eye. This paper inspects dull the travel industry, concentrating on promoting and understanding of House of Terror Museum in Hungary, a horrible site as visiting destinations in the contemporary society. Smith and Robinson (2006, p105) characterized legacy the travel industry as â€Å"leisure undertakings with the significant goal of visiting notable, regular, recreational and beautiful views to become familiar with the past†. Dim the travel industry is one part of legacy the travel industry and it includes â€Å"visiting places related with death, enduring and tragedy† (Cooper, et al 2008, p49). Legacy the travel industry is established on the inspirations and impression of the shoppers or vacationers instead of the specific attributes that characterize the goal. As per Smith and Robinson (2006), the significant inspiration f or visiting legacy locales is the uniqueness of the travel industry goal corresponding to the tourists’ mindfulness or view of their own legacy. Legacy the travel industry to a site with dim history inspires different feelings, for example, sentimentality, vision, and a sentiment of having a place in the existence (Foley and Lennon1996). Stone (2006) contends that legacy the travel industry is both extraordinary and widespread, in light of the fact that it presents a legacy for all individuals at a given time. Albeit each site has its novel trademark, dim the travel industry destinations present a general message to all people, from the message of agony to misery and outrage among different sentiments that describe individuals. Legacy destinations incorporate different acquired regions, for example, notable structures, work of art and beautiful territories among others. A visitor goes to the legacy site with a goal of seeing the verifiable relics. These antiquities as a rule structure a significant association between the social foundation of visitor and their history or past. Be that as it may, the specific recorded site or ancient rarity inspires various feelings and responses from different individuals. Holloway (2004) contends that it could inspire enthusiastic experience and cause the person to feel firmly associated with predecessors and the verifiable occasion, which makes the experience something beyond a learning experience. Manino (1997) contends that dim the travel industry is a secretive blend of legacy, history and disaster. It inspires conversations of the past, present and future ethics and morals encompassing passing of humankind. Probably the most well known destinations for dull the travel industry incorporate clash locales and concentration camps which metaphorically or scholarly grasp the memory of human anguish and brutality that occurred in a specific verifiable period (Manino 1997). Appalling occasions, for example, the breakdown of the world exchange place keep on inspiring consideration and interest from various individuals over the world. Essentially, scenes of mishaps and huge scope loss of human lives typically become unconstrained attractions, where individuals accumulate to offer their appreciation or just to observe and encounter the unnerving fallout. The strange association among recreation and joy in dim the travel industry has involved good and moral conversation in the accommodation business particularly with regards to showcasing and advancement of the locales. Some legacy the travel industry pundits battle that travel industry is a corrupt and wrong practice for introducing upsetting occasions of mankind's history, for example, demise and disasters and different types of anguish. As per MacCannell (1989: p73),

Lack of Funding for the Arts Essay Example For Students

Absence of Funding for the Arts Essay As of late, the economy has dove at a horrendous rate, We can see it in our regular daily existence, from how much our produce expenses to the value we pay for gas But one thing that eve may not see until its to late is the harm brought about by the subsidizing cuts for expressions of the human experience projects and training in America. Notwithstanding hindering American childrens instructive and moral turn of events, We return to a poor social quality by bringing down our gauges of expressions training because of the poor financial state Of our country. Despite the fact that this ought to be one Of the more significant projects for our administrations Department of Education o commit their time and endeavors to, it has been seriously ignored. In February of 2010, 300 instructors of the Des Monies Public School framework were told that they would never again be expected to show their subjects in the accompanying school year. The places that were sliced because of the cutting back of the schools staff were for the most part those that showed craftsmanship, music, and physical instruction. The thinking behind this exceptional measure taken by the Des Monies Public School framework, says TM. Holler Woods, Chief of Staff of Student Affairs at Des Monies Public Schools, is to save center classes. This contention is altogether coherent; be that as it may, it neglects to recognize the need tooth expressions in the lives of Americas more youthful age (KICK). Domed 2 Those behind the instructive planning have significantly thought little of the abundance of abilities that encouraging our kids to learn such melodic aptitudes as straightforward as playing the piano can manage the cost of them. In an issue brief given by The Economic Technology Policy Studies division of the National Governors Association Center for Best Practices titled The Impact of Arts Education on Workforce Preparation, they state different ways that the fuse of expressions of the human experience in training can improve Americas childrens abilities. The fundamental abilities they present are; better oral correspondence, better perusing and comprehension of the material, and upgraded composing aptitudes. As indicated by this distribution, higher-request abilities that expressions of the human experience Offer youths are; better dynamic inventive and imaginative reasoning, likewise sweater and critical thinking. (http://belly. Bother. Organization) In an examination directed by an exploration group, a gathering Of kids Who got piano console exercises were thought about against a gathering of kids who got PC exercises just as a benchmark group. The consequences of the investigations tests that were managed to these kids in the wake of preparing indicated a critical improvement in just the gathering of youngsters who got piano console exercises. The group at that point concluded that music preparing produces long haul alterations in fundamental neural hardware in districts not essentially worried about music and that an improvement of the greatness detailed may upgrade the learning of standard educational programs, for example, arithmetic and science, that draw intensely on spatial-fleeting thinking. This investigation gave logical proof of the genuine worth sic conveys in the training to kids (Earaches). The aptitudes that human expressions bring individuals as a general public are imperative and the advantages Domed 3 that they give us can't be acquired by some other type of movement. So by denying our offspring of this important type of mental incitement, they are likewise being denied of ways for their psyches to develop to their full limit. It scarcely appears to be reasonable for our administration to expel expressions of the human experience from our childrens educational plan. Our administration assigns 16% of the national financial plan towards training while at the same time Offering to government assistance programs. Sensibly, the training Of our more youthful age should outweigh the unrecognized, treacherous, and wasteful government assistance framework. Be that as it may, there is a variety Of suppositions concerning this subject of our national planning. Http://www. Administrations. Com) In todays society the estimation Of human expressions has been lessened and dwindled altogether. In socialized history, craftsmanship, show. What's more, move were foundations in any refined people training. Bach, Van Gogh, Ad Vinci, Mozart, Shakespeare, and Charles Di ckens are altogether pioneers of our social wealth and assisted with molding humankind sees on life, love, and each human feeling. In any case, today one can't discover anything even remotely near the stunning personalities of our antecedents. Charles Dickens' Christmas Carol Frees Charl EssayIn the middle of this craftsmanship training fiasco, associations, for example, PHss Ease the Music establishment tint spared numerous schools from soaking in the heaviness of spending cuts. An account of the achievement this program had was when, in 2006, the establishment gave an award Of band instruments to Elizabeth Hall International Elementary School for their music program. Three years after the school got the award the schools music educator composed the PHss Save the Music Foundation to express gratitude toward them for their assistance, and inform them concerning a kid who particularly profited by their endeavors. Sarah is a fifth grader who has an extremely troublesome life at home, a real existence that includes being shuffled from family to family unit, and living beneath the neediness line. She is distinguished as an understudy in danger of dropping out of school and not accomplishing to her latent capacity. Since her sc hool presently has a music program, Sarah not just had the chance to figure out how to play the alto saxophone, yet additionally create witness abilities tort school and tip top. Sarahs energy tort learning an instrument propels her to buckle down in every last bit of her school subjects. The utilization of difficult work and commitment she has learned through rehearsing her instrument has moved to her determination and center for different subjects in school, Sarah is only one of numerous understudies I Domed 7 could say the equivalent regarding at Hall. I realize band is enhancing and at times sparing their lives and is having a significant effect. Composes the educator in her thank you letter. In Minneapolis schools alone the establishment has furnished the schools with $225,000 worth of instruments to enable the kids to learn. (VHF) Another path for schools to succeed is for the executives to seek after awards from different spots. There are a couple of various Vass for their schools to apply for them, one Of them being on a State level. Associations, for example, the San Francisco Grants for the Arts exist exclusively to keep alive the way of life expressions of the human experience bear the cost of the region and country. There are additionally gives on a national angle, for example, the National Endowment for the Arts. Notwithstanding these private associations, organizations, for example, VHF have applications for awards to finance melodic instruction. In Hawaii, we have The Hawaii State Foundation on Culture and the Arts who give concedes through the HAUSA Biennium Grant Program. 15 awards were granted through this program, an excellent aggregate of SSL Their awards bolster expressions instruction, craftsmanship in the network, legacy protection, introduction and performing expressions. Me are incredibly satisfied to have the option to make this help accessible when the personal satisfaction of our inhabit ants ND guests has been so seriously affected by the poor economy. Warm blooded animal to the various associations that kept on giving fundamental expressions and social programming in spite of the difficult occasions, remarked Ronald Yamaha the official chief. Despite the fact that Hawaii State Foundation on Culture and the Arts has helped expressions of the human experience network massively, they are additionally being influenced by the economy. Since July 2009, eleven significant staff positions were cut from their personnel (HAUSA)_ Domed 8 We should make a move in our childrens instructive future, and discover an answer for his emergency sore But notwithstanding the inauspicious out look, the rare sorts of people who endeavor to keep expressions of the human experience alive in our schools carry a silver coating to the skyline. Discover approaches to teach those in your locale about this predicament, and afterward go Out and make a move. Compose a letter to your state, or email a congressperson. Their motivation is to speak to you and your locale, so let them realize that you see an issue With the absence Of expressions in your childrens schools. What's more, in conclusion the instruction begins first at home, show your kids What culture and human expressions are, and you may very well plant a seed for the following extraordinary performer, craftsman, or entertainer.

The Art of Not Giving Up in Your Job Search

The Art of Not Giving Up in Your Job Search Reasons. We have so many of them. Reasons to do things, reasons not to do things. Reasons why something is possible, and reasons why it’s not. Reasons to spend money, and reasons not to spend money. Reasons to give up, and reasons to take action. Pretty much every decision we make is based on a reason of some sort or another. Sometimes reasons conflict with each other. For instance, when I look at discounted mocha brownies in the day-old bin at my food coop, my brain comes up with many reasons to buy (and eat) the brownies. They are on sale! They will taste so good! I deserve it! Yet on most days, I do not buy them, because my reasons for not eating them far outweigh my reasons for indulging. I feel better. I look better. Kale will serve me so much better in the long run. Who cares if it costs twice as much and takes five times as much work to prepare? Reasons at work in your job search If you are a job seeker, you probably have lots of reasons to explain why you chose to apply or not apply for a particular job; why someone will or won’t hire you; and even why you are or are not going to hire a resume writer. You can choose to take the easy road, perhaps your default action (buying the mocha brownies), or you can choose to do something a little more difficult that will serve your career in the long term (invest in the kale). Annabelle’s story Two weeks ago I got a call from a woman (I will call her Annabelle) who was referred to me for resume assistance. Annabelle had just found out about a position that was available at a national non-profit in Washington, D.C., and she believed she was perfect for the job. The problem: Through her connections, Annabelle had discovered that the hiring process was quickly coming to a close, interviews were done, and the organization was making a final decision on the person they wanted to hire. Annabelle had also been told by a friend at the organization, who also happens to be a friend of mine, that the language in her resume was confusing and that she should hire me to get it into shape. Not giving up Many people would have given up as soon as they heard the words, “We are too far along in the hiring process.” Others would have given up at the prospect of spending hundreds of dollars unexpectedly to overhaul their resume. Annabelle could have listened to all the multitude of reasons against applying for this position. But she listened to the reasons to give it a shot. After all, this was a job she wanted more than anything, and no one had actually confirmed that anyone been offered the job yet. Also, there would be more positions open in the future, so it couldn’t hurt to send in her resume. Annabelle jumped into action. She hired The Essay Expert for two hours at our RUSH rate, reformatted her resume on her own, and, despite having a family emergency intervene in the midst of the process, managed to submit her materials to the organization the next day. Was it worth it? The day after sending in her application, Annabelle got an email: the organization wanted to talk to her. She was put through an expedited interview process, and during one of the interviews she could hear one of the managers there going through her resume line by line. He was impressed. Annabelle moved forward with confidence, incredibly well-prepared for her interviews after having talked to me about every bullet on her resume. Yesterday I received a call from Annabelle, who told me with great excitement that she had received an offer last Monday for her dream job. A job, you will remember, that was not available until the hiring manager saw Annabelle’s resume. Annabelle’s job search, beginning to end, for a job at a national non-profit in Washington, D.C.:  4 days. Wow. Annabelle did have a leg up because she had met the hiring manager at a prior event; her network played a crucial role in opening up this opportunity, as it does for many job seekers. She also believes, and I agree, that “a network can only take you so far; the resume is the only way others can justify your consideration to those who might not know you; it’s your only real voice in the matter.” She continues (and I promise I did not write this), “No matter how well you think you fit the position, no matter how well you have your contacts lined up, if your resume does not accurately reflect your level of professionalism or capability, hiring managers will never see the true candidate that you are. Having an ill-prepared resume should be the last reason why you don’t go after or get considered for a job. There’s no reason you can’t have a great resume to represent yourself!” Where are you stopped? If you are a job seeker, where are you getting stopped? Are you letting reasons keep you from applying to jobs you are qualified for? Are you using a mediocre resume in applications for your dream job because you don’t want to hire someone to bring it up a level or two? Do you believe that you can find a job in 4 days or do you think such a thing is impossible? What reasons are you listening to? The ones that have you give up (the equivalent for me of eating mocha brownies) or the ones that will move you forward in your career? I encourage you to believe that you can turn impossibilities into possibilities if you put your mind to it. Please use Annabelle’s story as an inspiration. And if you have a voice in your head saying, “That could never happen to me,” don’t give up. There is always a different set of reasons you can listen to, if only you are willing.

Civil War In The Movie Cold Mountain - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 942 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? For this assignment, I chose to review the movie Cold Mountain (2004), which is based on the bestselling novel (1997). Set during the Civil War in Cold Mountain, North Carolina, this historical drama/romance follows the love story of a Confederate soldier, W.P. Inman (Jude Law), and a Southern belle, Ada Monroe (Nicole Kidman). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Civil War In The Movie Cold Mountain" essay for you Create order Just as the two fall in love, Inman is drafted and must leave Ada to tend her familys farm with her ill father. On the battlefield, Inman carries his letters and picture of Ada everywhere he goes; she is his only source of hope in all the horror. During the Battle of the Crater, Inman is injured and decides to desert the war in an attempt to make it home to Ada. On the home front, Adas father passes away, leaving her to take care of the farm. Much like many of the poised and sophisticated wealthy young women during the time, Ada soon learns that she knows nothing about survival; she can speak Latin and play piano, yet she cannot grow her own food or take care of herself. Fortunately, a kind neighbor sends her Ruby, a poor farming woman who is well-versed in taking care of herself. With Rubys help, Ada not only learns how to survive and tend the farm, but she gains confidence in herself and her ability to be useful. Though Ada learns to do it on her own, she does not want to; she still longs for Inmans return home. After a long, arduous trek and many brushes with death, Inman finally makes it back to Cold Mountain. The couple are overjoyed to see one another and a passionate night together, but it is short lived. Inman is shot and killed the next day by a Union guard on their journey back to the farm. He dies in Adas arms and she is devastated. The ending scene reveals that Ada has given birth to Inmans child, who lives with her, Ruby, Rubys husband, and their daughter on the farm. I would consider Cold Mountain to be historically accurate. It depicts the Civil War in the way I picture it in my head: violent, devastating, and depressing. Both the scenes from the film and the lines that are said are filled with insight into the war. One quote from Ada particularly sums up the devastation caused by the fighting, What we have lost will never be returned to us. The land will not heal too much blood. All we can do is learn from the past and make peace with it (Minghella, 2004). Adas description of ?too much blood seems fitting to when you consider all the fatalities of the war. According to American Battlefield Trust, These achievements came at the cost of 625,000 livesnearly as many American soldiers died in all the other wars in which this country has fought combined. The American Civil War was the largest and most destructive conflict in the Western world between the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and the onset of World War I in 1914 (McPherson, 2018, paragra ph 2). Something that stuck out to me was the lack of slavery in the film. It is well known that one of the major causes of the American Civil War was the issue of slavery. History explains, The Civil War in the United States began in 1861, after decades of simmering tensions between northern and southern states over slavery, states rights and westward expansion (2018, paragraph 1). However, there is little mention of the issue in the movie. Before he passed, Adas father had had some slaves tending the farm, but she had to send them away during the war when she ran out of money. If one thinks about it, though, it does make sense that slavery did not play a key role in Cold Mountain due to the geography. Yes, North Carolina is part of the South, but the film was set in a mountainous region where plantations likely would not have been successful. There are no plantations shown in the movie, only small family farms. I think the movie is more so a depiction of life for the characters in the tow n of Cold Mountain, rather than a depiction of life in the American South in general. I am not quite sure whether I would recommend this film or not. I know that I personally cannot see myself sitting down to watch it again anytime soon. The only reason I might watch it again is to see my favorite character, Ruby, who is played by Renee Zellweger. She gives a truly one-of-a-kind performance, for which she won an Oscar for best supporting actress. While this movie does have wonderful performances by award-winning actors, I found it left me feeling disappointed. As I was watching the film, I found myself on an emotional rollercoaster. It was both gruesome and depressing, tender and intriguing. The film was slow-moving, and I am not really into historical movies, so I probably would have turned it off had I not been writing a review. Though Cold Mountain may not have been my favorite movie, I appreciate its historical accuracy and the attention to detail that went into making it. I know of a few history buffs would love this movie, but Im too used to always getting a happy ending at the end of a movie. References History.com Editors. (2018, September 13). Civil War. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history McPherson, J., Dr. (2018, October 16). A Brief Overview of the American Civil War. Retrieved from https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/brief-overview-american-civil-war Minghella, A. (Director). (2004). Cold Mountain [Motion picture on DVD]. USA: Buena Vista Home Entertainment.

Abortion From The Perspective Of Moral Philosophies Essay

Abortion from the Perspective of Moral Philosophies Abortion has been and still is a very controversial topic. Many people debate whether abortion is an act of murder or an act of agency. Is a person pro-choice or pro-life? Abortion is no light subject. Chances are that people will always dispute its terms. Many believe that abortion is an answer to population control. Others believe that the earth will be able to sustain itself to provide for new life. To help decipher this moral dilemma, moral philosophies are examined. The two most profound moral philosophies used to study abortion are utilitarianism and deontology. Over the course of this paper, I will assess the subject of abortion in regards to population control, including its effects and address it in accordance with the theories of utilitarianism and deontology. I will explain the stances of each philosophy concerning abortion as a means to overpopulation. In conclusion, I will reevaluate the moral problem and restate the es sence of what I discussed about the moral philosophies. The earth’s population is over 7 billion and growing. This has caused many people to question the provisions that will be provided in the future for the coming generations because of the overconsumption of individuals. The earth is already struggling to sustain its natural resources for the vast majority of people living here, so bringing more children will cause extra strain on trying to preserve them. Water is an example of aShow MoreRelatedAn Overview Of The Ethical1407 Words   |  6 Pagesï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Abortion: An Overview of the Ethical ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼11/1/2015 Randy St.Cyr PHIL200 Introduction to Ethics Dr. Carrie Pettermin Issues ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ÃƒËœÃ¯Æ'Ëœ Various philosophers through the centuries have had a tremendous impact on the way modern society thinks. ØïÆ'Ëœ Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) influenced modern thinking with his â€Å"God is dead† philosophy. This meant that there was no longer any room for God in an enlightened and civilized society. ØïÆ'Ëœ John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) helped popularize the philosophy of utilitarianismRead MoreMorality and Social Policy1205 Words   |  5 PagesJrAn Almost Absolute Value in HistoryThe Morality of Abortion: Legal and Historical Perspectives51-591970CambridgeHarvard University Press HYPERLINK l _ENREF_2 o Noonan, 1970 #705 Noonan (1970), anyone conceived by a man and a woman is human and by recognizing this fact, it is inhuman to kill the fetus despite its imperfections. He also presents the argument that by limiting humanity to exclude certain groups which comes from allowing abortion as a result of imperfections in the fetus risks creatingRead MoreThe Moral Issue Of Abortion Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesThe moral issue that is selected in the essay is about abortion. Abortion a standard ethical issue often discussed in moral philosophy. It is a matter that is raised when talking about issues of the beginning of life. The biggest problem that surrounds this concerns the l ife of the fetus or the unborn child. On whether it has a right to life or whether the mother of the unborn fetus has a right to terminate it or not. A lot of controversies has surrounded this area of the debate, and it is the basisRead MoreSusan Sherwin s View On Abortion932 Words   |  4 PagesSusan Sherwin’s view on abortion is primarily focused through the lens of feminist philosophy. Her article focuses primarily on how the feminist view provides more holistic, and less cold view on the topic of abortion that is more inclusive of the mother. The feminist view of abortion is primarily focused on looking at the factors that affect the mother through the process of the abortion, such as a woman’s feelings around the fetus, is conception, her partner, and her obligations. 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It is one of the touchiest subjects of our time primarily due to widely varying beliefs concerning the exact moment at which â€Å"life† actually begins. There are many points of view toward abortion but the only two fine dis tinctions are pro-choice and pro-life.† As expected, there are many people against abortion, these people are better referred to as pro-life advocates,† they advocate the life of the baby over the woman s rightRead MoreWhat Do The Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish And Christian Scriptures?1025 Words   |  5 Pagesevolved. Abortion is a prime example of this cultural shift. Before abortion was legalized in the United States in 1973, the practice was considered dangerous, morally questionable both in and out of religious circles, and highly illegal. The contentious aspects of the procedure were leading causes of the denunciation of abortion. Over time, the danger and illegality of abortion were resolved, and the controversy between pro-life and pro-choice emerged. Most arguments surrounding abortion are rootedRead MoreThe Social Philosophies On The Race Theory And Feminism Approaches1316 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will address and define the social philosophies on the Race Theory and feminism approaches. These theories will be explained of how it is understood, compared and contrasted through examples of social justice, and examples of injustice. The Race theory is viewed as a self-conscious way of thinking. It is referred to as ideas of human differences beginning from ancient times to today. Racism is made up of practices and commitments deriving from racial hierarchies. However, the thought is

Things Fall Apart Reflective Statement Free Essays

REFLECTIVE STATEMENT Response to interactive oral on Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart When I first read Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart I found it very interesting how she was able to show us what was going on in Nigeria at that time, how he showed us the ways of living of the blacks, and whites weren’t the only ones who had a culture, but in fact were the ones who destroyed the African culture. Moreover during the interactive oral interesting themes and issues such as Town Unity and Culture were highlighted, which gave me an even more distinct insight of the characters in the book and how they were affected by these things. Achebe uses the main character, Okwonko as a vessel to depict how ‘Things Fall Apart’; in the novel, and through Okwonko we are able to adequately grasp a lot of cultural practices in Nigeria. We will write a custom essay sample on Things Fall Apart Reflective Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now Diction in this novel plays a major role, and it is through diction that many of the themes are unlocked and also the diction used in the novel, effectively induces you into the culture and lifestyle of the Nigerians. Achebe uses Proverbs, Short Songs, Nigerian Words and Some Literary devices like metaphors and similes. These all contribute to keeping you in-tune with what kind of setting you are in and in this case Nigeria. The women in this novel are characterized too be empowered and they genuinely help each other, through Ezinma, who is even a little girl and the only daughter from Okwonko’s first wife, you can tell how strong willed she is, as she even tells her dad to eat his food when he wasn’t in the right state, she was also even seen by Okwonko as the ideal son, in contrast to Nwoye who is actually even a boy. Okwonko’s wives also in the novel stick together and look out for each other; the prepare food for each other’s children when one happens not to be around and they also even go on to lie for each other. Wrapping it all up, the interactive oral gave me a better understanding of the book and brought to light many details that were covered. Through diction and proper documentation of the novel Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart also taught me many things about Nigeria and their various cultures. How to cite Things Fall Apart Reflective Statement, Essays

Cost Accounting

Questions: a) Critically evaluate the uses of managerial accounting information for strategic decision making in various business contexts. b) Select devise and apply different types of cost allocation and explain their different roles for supporting strategic managerial decision making. c) Design and prepare budgets and explain feedback analysis and strategic control. d) Discuss various approaches to performance evaluation and control in various types of organisations and devised and evaluate simple indicators of performance. Answers: Assignment Question Dilbert Toys (DT) makes the popular Floppin Freddy Frog and Jumpin Jill Junebug doll in batches. DT incurs set-up costs for each batch 0f dolls that it produces. DT uses number of set-ups as the cost driver for set-up costs. DT has just hired Bec Williams, an accountant. Bec thinks that number of set-up hours might be better cost driver because the set-up time for each product is different. Bec collects the following data: (you should enter your student number(without letter)in the following box to get your own data to work on. you will get zero mark if you use the current numbers in the following table) Analysis Report This report is an analysis report to assess the setup costs for Dilbert Toys (DT). The two alternatives that are available to determine the setup costs are: Based on number of set ups Based on number of setup hours The data of 9 months has been used for the study and the data is as below: Month Number of set-ups Number of set-ups hours Set-up costs 1 300 1840 104600 2 410 2680 126700 3 150 1160 57480 4 480 3800 236840 5 310 3680 178880 6 460 3900 209620 7 420 2980 209620 8 300 1200 90080 9 270 3280 221040 Regression has been performed with the help of MS Excel considering setup costs as the dependent variable. Two separate models have been computed with number of setups and number of setup hours as independent variable respectively (Gelman Hill, 2007; Archdeacon, 2000). The results are as below: Setup Costs v/s Number of setups Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.68 R Square 0.46 Adjusted R Square 0.39 Standard Error 51351.14 Observations 9.00 ANOVA Df SS MS F Regression 1.00 16026703954.95 16026703954.95 6.08 Residual 7.00 18458577733.94 2636939676.28 Total 8.00 34485281688.89 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Intercept 14256.33 61323.42 0.23 0.82 Number of set-ups 421.47 170.96 2.47 0.04 From the above results the model for setup costs depending on number of setups is as below: Setup costs = 421.47*no of setups + 14256.33 The goodness fit of this model is observed to be 46% with R-square value noted be 0.48 indicating that the model is not quite reliable. The p value is noted to be at 0.04 which is lesser than 0.05 indicating the number of setups have significant impact on set up costs at 5% significance level but is not significant at 1% level (Chatterjee Hadi, 2015). Setup Costs v/s Number of setup hours Considering number of setup hours as the independent variable, the regression results are as below: Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.92 R Square 0.85 Adjusted R Square 0.82 Standard Error 27572.58 Observations 9.00 ANOVA df SS MS F Regression 1.00 29163550009.66 29163550009.66 38.36 Residual 7.00 5321731679.23 760247382.75 Total 8.00 34485281688.89 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Intercept 7526.78 26191.24 0.29 0.78 Number of set-ups hours 55.76 9.00 6.19 0.00 The model based on number of set up hours is as below: Setup costs = 55.76*no of setup hours + 7526.78 This model is reliable to the tune of 85% with R square value noted to be at 0.85. Even the p value is noted to be at 0.00 which implies that the number of set up hours have significant impact on the set up costs. Regression Lines The regression lines computed based on the values are as below. Based on the regression equations discussed above, the lines are framed as above for determining the setup costs based on number of setups and number of setup hours respectively (Weisberg, 2013). With the help of MS Excel the data has been plotted for the data with the trend line equation as determined with the help of regression. The setup costs have been plotted on y axis considering number of setups on x axis. The equation for determination is as shown in the chart and the coefficient of determination is 48%. Another plot has been made with respect to the number of setup hours and the model for determining the setup costs is as plotted above. The coefficient of determination is 85% (Gordon, 2015; Doyle, 2003). Recommendations As may be observed from the determination coefficient R2, the model to determine the setup costs on the basis on number of setups is lesser as compared to number of setup hours. This implies that the reliability of model based out of number of setup hours is high and is thus recommended for determining the setup costs for the Dilbert Toys. References Archdeacon, T.J., 2000. Correlation and Regression Analysis: A Historian's Guide. Univ of Wisconsin Press. Chatterjee, S. Hadi, A.S., 2015. Samprit Chatterjee, Ali S. Hadi. John Wiley Sons. Doyle, A.M., 2003. Regression: A Universal Experience. Greenwood Publishing Group. Gelman, A. Hill, J., 2007. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge University Press. Gordon, R.A., 2015. Regression Analysis for the Social Sciences. 2nd ed. Routledge. Weisberg, S., 2013. Applied Linear Regression. John Wiley Sons.

Protestant Reformation vs Scientific Revolution free essay sample

When Martin Luther didn’t want to believe what the church tells him in the Protestant Reformation, and how Galileo Galilei didn’t want to believe Ptolemy’s observations because, they were wrong. In the Protestant Reformation Martin Luther rejected the Church’s statement that doing good deed would give you salvation, he held the Bible up as the sole source of religion, and he also rejected that the church hierarchy and priests had no special power. He didn’t allow confessions, pilgrimages, and prayer to saints, he also shortened the elaborate ritual of the mass and emphasized the sermon. The detail that showed that Martin Luther wanted change was that he rejected five of the seven sacraments because, they weren’t in the bible. The indulgences that he banned that was enforced by Johann Tetzel, which lessened the time a soul would stay in Purgatory, Martin Luther banned. Galileo found a huge discovery after training the sky with a telescope all night, that would prove the church wrong once again like Martine Luther did in the Protestant Reformation. We will write a custom essay sample on Protestant Reformation vs Scientific Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He discovered that the Church’s and Ptolemy’s views of the universe was wrong. Galileo Galilei found out that the universe was heliocentric, or a sun centered universe. It is said that the Protestant Reformation influenced the Scientific Revolution in some ways. It might have been that Martin Luther proved the church wrong biblically. I believe once people heard about Martin searching for his own answers and them being granted, made Galileo Galilei looked for his own. In 1609, Galileo trained his telescope across the night sky and found something that would change everyone’s lives forever. Until the 1500’s, scholars accepted the theory of Ptolemy. He once said that the earth was the center of the universe. They believed him because, his theories eemed to agree with common sense, and it also matched the teachings of the church. In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus a Polish Scholar published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. Which stated his observations and beliefs on the universe. He provided evidence which supported Galileo’s theories. As you can see there weren’t many ways they were alike, and how they influenced each other but, they were the most important reasons. I believe that if Martin Luther didn’t break apart from the church and search for his own answers, we would have still probably believed that the earth was the center of the universe until a later time.

Willy Loman, in the book Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, and his quest for the American Dream.

Willy Loman, in the book Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, and his quest for the American Dream. A Death of the American DreamThe American Dream is forever being chased, and never caught. Willy Loman, the main character, in A Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller chose to follow the American dream and lead the life it gave him. The American dream is the belief that through sheer hard work alone, any man can gain professional success and thus receive personal gain. The major flaw in this 'dream' is that it produces selfish individuals who will go to any extent to receive personal gain. Willy's character is one of a common man; Miller portrays him not as an evil selfish person, but as a well meaning yet misguided person. Miller also adds other characters to show the different effects the American dream can have on people.For Willy and his wife Linda, life's accomplishments and sources of pleasure are simple. They focus their lives on the mortgage of their house.The American Dream, New Jersey 1991For twenty-five years Willy and Linda have been working to pay off their mortgage, and once they do that, they will attain a sense of freedom, or the 'American Dream.' Willy is a salesman, always traveling from state to state, staying in motels, away from home. This increases the importance of a house to him because it is not only a place where he lives, but it also represents stability in his life. He shows the same pride for his ownership of the house as he did for Biff, his son, during his football years.Biff's character is one of an admired nature. When he was at school he was always popular, athletic and full of potential. All this changed however when he went to see his father in Boston. This is when Biff found out about Willy's affair. Finding this out crushed Biff...

Assignment 9 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

9 - Assignment Example This promotes wholesome growth physically, emotionally, spiritually and socially which is essential for the child. â€Å"It ought therefore to enter into the domestic policy of every parent, to make her children feel that the home is the happiest place in the world† I agree with the scholars who call Mrs. Beeton a feminist because her thought process portrays a woman who seeks to clearly define and defend the equal social, cultural and economic rights of a woman. We see this when she likens the mistress of the house to the Commander in Chief of an army by saying that the woman is the leader of the house who should perform her household duties now that the man is off looking for work. She ranks household duties by the woman and work by the man as equal, thereby making the both of them of the same stature in the chain of command hierarchy in the house. â€Å"as with the commander of an army or the leader of an enterprise, so is it with the mistress of a household. Her spirit will be seen through the whole establishment: and just in proportion as she performs her duties intelligently and thoroughly, so will her domestics follow in her path.† She believes that it is equally as important for the woman to show leadership in the house, both to her children and her servants, who will then follow the good example she sets for them and become better from it. She goes on to state that good leadership which was previously provided by the husband is now being provided by the woman because the man is not at home most of the time. The tone of Fichte’s address is one of revival and renewal. He is directing his sentiments to the German public whom he wants to reaffirm their status as belonging to a unique and special identity that should not be cowed by any forces, political or otherwise. He seeks to remind them of their rich history, in the hope that it will

POEMS ABOUT DOCTORS AND PATIENTS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

POEMS ABOUT DOCTORS AND PATIENTS - Essay Example Instead, the last stanza does conclude what is in the fourth stanza hence clarifying all the points to the reader. 5. When referring to the ‘you’, the speaker of the poem refers to the patient to whom she was visiting. This is because she said that the hospital lawn is being taken care just as a patient the patient is. 6. The first stanza does compare the lawn and the hospital rooms. When the speaker compares these two parts, she does show how the hospital is clean and well maintained hence the same does apply to the patients present in the hospital. 7. In the third stanza, the speaker draws back to the red and hideous battlefields where many young men were brought to that hospital when suffering from different injuries. This image shows that the hospital has treated many people suffering from different injuries and illnesses. This makes the staff and the doctors in the hospital to be experienced in what they do. 8. In the final stanza, the speaker of the poem describes a scene where a patient has passed away. This is because the speaker says that she turned and stepped inside an empty room while the previous day there was someone there. The machines are silent, and the bed is all made new. This shows that the patient who was there has passed away. 9. The poem is about the hospital and the patients who attend the hospital. The poem does describe how the hospital is maintained. The poem does also describe the different patients in the hospital. The poem does give a description of how the hospital treats its patients. Therefore, the theme of this poem is how patients are treated in the hospitals in comparison to how the environment of the hospital is. 11. The words after line seven portray that the speaker has a different understanding of religion. The speaker has an understanding that the religion is all about kneeling down in forest groves and asking for help. This

Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment

Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment The word investment can be defined in many ways according to different theories and principles. It is a term that can be used in a number of contexts. However, the different meanings of investment are more alike than dissimilar. Generally, investment is the application of money for earning more money. Investment also means savings or savings made through delayed consumption. According to economics, investment is the utilization of resources in order to increase income or production output in the future. An amount deposited into a bank or machinery that is purchased in anticipation of earning income in the long run is both examples investments. According to economists, investment refers to any physical or tangible asset, for example, a building or machinery and equipment. On the other hand, finance professionals define an investment as money utilized for buying financial assets, for example stocks, bonds, gold, real properties, and precious items. In general term, Investment means the purchase of goods which are invest and not used today, which will give benefit in future. The money you earn is partly spent and rest saved for future expenses. Instead of keeping savings ideal this money is invested to earn additional income this is called investment. When an asset is bought or a given amount of money is invested in the bank, there is anticipation that some return will be received from the investment in the future. (Meaning Of Investment, 2009 ). Investment by domestic residents (individuals, companies, financial institutions and governments) in the acquisition of overseas financial securities and physical assets. Overseas investment in financial assets, in particular by institutional investors, is undertaken primarily to diversify risk and to obtain higher returns than would be achievable on comparable domestic investment. Physical foreign direct investment(FDI) in new manufacturing plants and sales subsidiaries, or the acquisition of established businesses, prov ide the multinational company with a more flexible approach to supplying foreign markets. Interest, profits and dividends gained on these foreign investments count as invisible earnings in the balance of payments, though some of this income may be reinvested overseas rather than repatriated. (Christopher Pass, 1995). The income tax treatment of foreign investment income is frequently governed by Tax Treaties between the country of the investment owner and the state where the investment is situated. (Friedman, 2007 ).Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) An investment abroad, usually where the company is being invested in is controlled by the foreign corporation. A company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country. The direct investment in buildings, machinery and equipment is in contrast with making a portfolio investment, which is considered an indirect investment. (Spaulding, 2004).Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a major driver of globalization. As investment patterns of multinational enterprises become more and more complex, reliable and internationally comparable, FDI statistics are necessary for sound policy decision making. The OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment sets the world standard for FDI statistics. It provides a single point of reference for statisticians and users on all aspect of FDI statistics, while remaining compatible with other internationally accepted statistical standards. (OECD, 2008) . In the past decade, FDI has come to play a major role in the internationalization of business. Reacting to changes in technology, growing liberalization of the national regulatory framework governing investment in enterprises, and changes in capital markets profound changes have occurred in the size, scope and methods of FDI. New information technology systems, decline in global communication costs have made management of foreign investments far easier than in the past. (Spaulding, Foreign Direct Investment, 2005).In recent years, given rapid growth and change in global investment patterns, the definition has been broadened to include the acquisition of a lasting management interest in a company or enterprise outside the investing firms home country. As such, it may take many forms, such as a direct acquisition of a foreign firm, construction of a facility, or investment in a joint venture or strategic alliance with a local firm with attendant input of technology, licensing of intellectual property. (Graham, 2005). According to the benchmark definition of the OECD and World Investment Report 2009, a direct investment enterprise is an incorporated or unincorporated enterprise in which a single foreign investor either owns 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares or voting power of an enterprise (unless it can be proved that the 10 percent ownership does not allow the investor an effective voice in the management) or owns less than 10 percent the ordinary shares or voting power of an enterprise, yet still maintains an effective voice in management. An effectiv e voice in management only implies that direct investors are able to influence the management of an enterprise and does not imply that they have absolute control. The most important characteristics of FDI, which distinguishes it from portfolio investment, is that it is undertaken with the intention of exercising control over an enterprise. (GlobStat, 2009).Probably the most important role of FDI in a developing economy is the supply of capital, as capital deficiency is the fundamental problem in case of a developing economy. Capital formation depends on investment, which, however, implies sacrifice of consumption. (Zaidi, 2009). Developing countries  [1]  , emerging economies and countries in transition have come increasingly to see FDI as a source of economic development and modernization, income growth and employment. Countries have liberalized their FDI regimes and pursued other policies to attract investment. They have addressed the issue of how best to pursue domestic polic ies to maximize the benefits of foreign presence in the domestic economy. The study Foreign Direct Investment for Development attempts primarily to shed light on the second issue, by focusing on the overall effect of FDI on macroeconomic growth and other welfare-enhancing processes, and on the channels through which these benefits take effect. (Andru Pascal, 2002). The most profound effect has been seen in developing countries, where yearly foreign direct investment flows have increased from an average of less than $10 billion in the 1970s to a yearly average of less than $20 billion in the 1980s, to explode in the 1990s from $26.7billion in 1990 to $179 billion in 1998 and $208 billion in 1999 and now comprise a large portion of global FDI.. Driven by mergers and acquisitions and internationalization of production in a range of industries, FDI into developed countries last year rose to $636 billion, from $481 billion in 1998 but in south Asian developing countries in which India $1 23 billion of FDI inward and Pakistan $31 billion of FDI inward in 2008. (UNCTAD, 2009) History: Early Investment There have been international organizations engaged in trading activities as far back in time as 2500BC, with banks and churches also having formed international organizations throughout history (Allen, 1984). The appearance of the modern MNE, incorporating control over foreign production units, did not occur until the Nineteenth Century (Wilkins, 1977), but early resemblances to the modern MNE appeared in the 1600s and 1700s, when large trading companies from the UK and the Netherlands entered parts of Asia, the Indies and America  [2]  . The two largest enterprises were the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company (Nicholas, 1988). These dominated the well-paid markets of spices, cottons and silks, and are credited as being the true pioneers of international commercial activities. Investment also later took place in the UK and French colonial territories of Latin America, Asia, Africa and Australia, with most investments being supply oriented, in the form of resource exploitation (Medard Gabel, 2003)  [3]  . International companies also emerged with the aim of colonizing foreign lands. One of the first was the London-based, British Virginia Company, Whose strategy was to profit from the development and colonization of Virginia in the US. Similar projects across North America were undertaken by the Dutch, the French and the Swedes. (Wren, 2006). It is generally accepted that the true birth of the modern multinational arose in Europe in the Nineteenth Century (Wilkins, History of FDI , 2004)  [4]  . Examples are the Cocker ill steelworks of England that set up in Prussia; Bayers of Germany that set up chemical plants in the US; and Nobels of Sweden that set up dynamite production in Germany (Tugendhat, 1981). However, it was not until the latter part of the Nineteenth Century that larger-scale foreign direct investment started to emerge. A major motivation for the spread of these firms was the increase in the protectionist behavior of countries, which in turn was a by-product of increased nationalism. As customers mostly-preferred goods produced locally, as opposed to imported goods, firms had to set-up abroad (John Micklethwait, 2003 ). Other important reasons for the upsurge in FDI and the growth of MNEs was the search for larger markets, as enterprises began to grow in size, and improvements occurred in transportation and communication, most notably the railways and telegraphs (Wilkins, FDI , 1998). These advances not only made it easier for parent companies to control their subsidiaries but to control them over longer distances. Up until the end of the Nineteenth Century, European firms dominated the MNE scene, but US multinationals were beginning to increase, both in number and size. Examples of US multinationals at this time include singers, which set up sewing-machine plants in Scotland, and the electrical-manufacturers Thomson-Houston, which set up in England (Attack, 1994). The increase in FDI at the turn of the Twentieth Century was halted in the inter-war period both by the destruction caused by the First World War and the threat of another war leading to discrimination against foreigners by the occupants of many countries. The First World War also resulted in European multinationals being forced to sell their pre-war investments, with political upheaval and border changes also impacting on cross-border activities (Dunning, 1983). Other factors leading to a worldwide fall in investment included the Great Depression of late 1920s and early 1930s and the substantial rise in inflation in Europe (Jones, 1995 ). By the time of the Second World War, the main stock of FDI was still held by the UK 40 per cent, while the US held 28 per cent (Jones Eric Lionel, 2000). However, after the Second World War a new wave of FDI began to emerge, arising mainly from the US. The factors behind this improvement in technology and Communication systems, greater economic and political stability, the formation of trading blocks and a more liberalized attitude from host governments (Hood, 1999). In the years after the Second World War global FDI was dominated by the United States, as much of the world recovered from the destruction brought by the conflict. The US accounted for around three-quarters of new FDI (including reinvested profits) between 1945 and 1960. Since that time FDI has sprea d to become a truly global phenomenon, no longer the exclusive preserve of Organization for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) countries. FDI has grown in importance in the global economy with FDI stocks now constituting over 20 percent of global GDP. Pakistan History Soon after independence in 1947, Pakistan moved from a parliamentary system to a presidential one and then finally reverted to the original parliamentary system. Pakistan has a checkered history of trade liberalization and FDI promotion. Following some trade liberalization attempts in the 1960s, Pakistan qualified for Article VIII status at the IMF in 1970. Even by the mid-1980s there was still a long way to go in lifting quantitative restrictions QRs and reducing tariffs. From the mid-1980s, controls on foreign investment in manufacturing have diminished sharply, those for the service sector less so (Athukoralge, 2007) In spite of various bureaucratic controls, the government attitude throughout the 1950s and 1960s was favorable to private investment, the FDI regime was more liberal, although there was greater emphasis on joint ventures with minority foreign ownership and technology licensing than on FDI in fully foreign owned ventures. However, supremacy of the state and socialist ideology under a socialist government dominated policy in the 1970s. As a result, a large-scale program of nationalization of key industrial units and wide-spread control of domestic and foreign trade were instituted. The dismal economic outcome of the interventionist policies eventually paved the way for market-oriented reform. Reforms started slowly in the early 1980s as part of a widespread reform package in conformity with the World Bank conditionality. Removal of restrictions on foreign investment was a major element of the reform program. Full foreign ownership of firms, with full freedom for remittance of profit a nd investment proceeds, is now allowed in almost all sectors of the economy (Athukoralge, FDI History of Pakistan, 2007). Independence in 1971, the Bangladesh government adopted a state-led import-substitution development strategy, which was far more interventionist than that of the united Pakistan. The new government nationalized a larger number of industrial enterprises owned by Pakistani entrepreneurs as well as all industrial enterprises with fixed assets exceeding a certain threshold level. The scope of the private sector was limited to small and cottage industry, and foreign investment was allowed only in collaboration with the public sector with minority equity participation. However, existing foreign investments (excluding those belonging to Pakistan) were spared from the sweeping nationalization drive. The socialist-oriented industrial policy of 1973 assigned a very minor role for the private sector, with some investment ceiling on new investment (Athukoralge, History of Pakistan , 2007). Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been a small but growing part of total investment in Pakistan. Data indicates that FDI in Pakistan has grown from $8 million US dollars in 1976 to $346 million dollars in 1993. During the same period, total gross fixed capital formation grew from $2.4 to $9.2 Billion dollars (international Monetary Fund). Nevertheless, excluding the non-capital part, FDI is even a smaller part of total capital formation in Pakistan than these figures reflect (Kaynak, 1999). General Musharraf vowed to make all out efforts to improve the deteriorating economic conditions in order to eradicate poverty and hunger in the country. The bank defined essential problem areas where urgent action is needed as: (1) Build investor confidence; (2) Structural change in fiscal policy; (3) Reduction in budget deficit to more sustainable level; (4) Address the national debt servicing issue; (5) Improve exports; (6) Population control; and (7) Improve human capital. Meanwhile, there is a very low flow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into the country. The FDI peaked in 1996 to $992 Million and declined to $370 Million in 1999. Another report says that FDI amounted to around $600 Million in 1999; the figure is based on the difference between the amount of FDI stocks in 1998($9.2Billion) and 1999 ($9.8 Billion). However, this constituted 0.21 percent of FDI global flows ($4.7 Trillion). FDI stocks in Pakistan in 1999 represented 4.4 percent of its GDP (Mahmood, FDI History of Pakistan , 2001). Increased Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased to $3.5 Billion in the last financial year, according to GOP sources. The United Nations World Investment Report 2006 stated that Pakistan saw a 95% growth in FDI inflows in 2005 to reach $2.183 Billion (Mahmood, 2007). Impact of Foreign Direct Investment Attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) has become a key part of national development strategies for many countries. They see such investments as bolstering domestic capital, productivity, and employment, all of which are crucial to jump-starting economic growth. While many highlight FDIs positive effects, others blame FDI for crowding out domestic investment and lowering certain regulatory standards. The effects of FDI can sometimes barely be perceived, while other times they can be absolutely transformative. While FDIs impact depends on many conditions, well-developed and implemented policies can help maximize its gains. The resources in this list focus on the impact of FDI on: Economic growth: Foreign capital stocks combined with the widespread belief that FDI is beneficial for growth triggered a large body of literature on the determinants of FDI in the Central and Eastern European transition countries. The primary goal was to locate all relevant economic and political factors which could be beneficial for FDI inflows and, by extension, for economic growth(Neuhaus, 2005). Trade: The direct impact falls into two parts, namely an immediate effect emanating from the actual investment and the effects on the import pattern of the targeted enterprises. The former channel is generally limited to the imports of initial inputs of imported machinery and equipment (especially in Greenfield investment), or, where FDI is large compared with the size of the host economy, it may include the knock-on effect on aggregate imports from rising total domestic demand. The second channel, which essentially depends on the investors choice between imported and local inputs, has been studied extensively(OECD, Direct Impact of FDI on Imports, 2002). Employment and skill levels: In response to the AFL-CIOs (American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations) earlier claim that job losses result from the impact of runaway firms setting up labor- intensive operations in offshore locations, the US tariff commission analyzed then- new data on the foreign operations of US firms. It found that employment gains generated from associated exports of equipment and parts, etc. and expansion of supporting non-production jobs would be large enough to offset possible job losses arising from production displacement effects(Neil Hood, 1979). In response to the latest concerns of the US labor unions, 23 studies have investigated the impact of FDI on employment. All except one have concluded that it has a positive effect resulting in the net increase of jobs(Lee, 2002). Technology diffusion and knowledge transfer: Are of great importance for economic development, as the adoption of new techniques, machines, and production processes is a key determinant of productivity growth. Given that most research and development (RD) and innovation is undertaken in high income countries, most developing economies must rely largely on imported technologies as sources of new productive knowledge. This is not to say that no RD is undertaken in developing countries; a considerable amount of follow-on innovation and adaptation does occur there, contributing to the global stock of knowledge(Smarzynska Javorcik, 2006). Linkages and spillover to domestic firms: FDI spillovers: An increase in the productivity of domestic firms as a consequence of the presence of foreign firms in the domestic economy. FDI spillovers via horizontal linkages: An increase in the productivity of domestic firms resulting from the presence of foreign firms in the same industry. FDI spillovers via forward linkages: An increase in productivity resulting from the foreign presence among the supplies of the industry in which the domestic firm operates. FDI spillovers via backward linkages: An increase in productivity resulting from the foreign presence among the customers of the industry in which the domestic firm operates. These spillovers may take place among domestic firms but are more likely to occur with foreign affiliated firms given their linkages with large foreign parent companies. In the case of horizontal spillovers, there are not such incentives and firms would rather protect their intellectual assets rather than risk technology leakage to competitors (OECD, FDI spillover, 2008). Types of Foreign Direct Investment By Direction Inward FDI: Inward foreign direct investment is when foreign capital is invested in local resources. Inward FDI is encouraged by: Tax breaks, subsidies, low interest loans, grants, lifting of certain restrictions The thought is that the long term gain is worth short term loss of income Inward FDI is restricted by: Ownership restraints or limits Different performance requirements Outward FDI: Outward foreign direct investment, sometimes called direct investment abroad is when local capital is invested in foreign resources. Outward FDI is encouraged by Government-backed insurance to cover risk Outward FDI is restricted by Tax incentives or disincentives on firms that invest outside of the home country or on repatriated profits Subsidies for local businesses Leftist government policies that support the nationalization of industries (or at least a modicum of government control) Self-interested lobby groups and societal sectors who are supported by inward FDI or state investment, for example labor markets and agriculture. Security industries are often kept safe from outwards FDI to ensure the localized state control of the military industrial complex. By Target Greenfield Investment: Direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investments are the primary target of a host nations promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. The Organization for International Investment cites the benefits of Greenfield investment (or in sourcing) for regional and national economies to include increased employment (often at higher wages than domestic firms); investments in research and development; and additional capital investments. Criticism of the efficiencies obtained from Greenfield investments includes the loss of market share for competing domestic firms. Another criticism of Greenfield investment is that profits are perceived to bypass local economies, and instead flow back entirely to the multinationals home economy. Critics contrast this to local industries whose profits are seen to flow back e ntirely into the domestic economy (Easson, 2004). Mergers and Acquisitions: Transfers of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place; the primary type of FDI. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to establish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Unlike Greenfield investment, acquisitions provide no long term benefits to the local economy even in most deals the owners of the local firm are paid in stock from the acquiring firm, meaning that the money from the sale could never reach the local economy. Nevertheless, mergers and acquisitions are a significant form acquiring firm, meaning that the money from the sale could never reach the local economy. Nevertheless, mergers and acquisitions are a significant form of FDI and until around 1997, accounted for nearly 90% of the FDI fl ow into the United States. Mergers are the most common way for multinationals to do FDI (Jonathan Jones, 2006). Horizontal FDI: It refers to FDI in the same industry in which the organization in the home nation. Vertical FDI: It refers to the FDI by an organization in order to sell the outputs of domestic firms to the investment which provides inputs to the domestic organization (Misra, 2009). Backward Vertical FDI: Where an industry abroad provides inputs for a firms domestic production process. Forward Vertical FDI: Where an industry abroad sells the outputs of a firms domestic production. By Motive: FDI can also be categorized based on the motive behind the investment from the perspective of the following firm: Resource-Seeking FDI Investments which seek to acquire factors of production those are more efficient than those obtainable in the home economy of the firm. In some cases, these resources may not be available in the home economy at all (e.g. cheap labor and natural resources). This typifies FDI into developing countries, for example seeking natural resources in the Middle East and Africa, or cheap labor in Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe (Cohen, 2007). 1.3.3.2 Market-Seeking FDI Investments which aim at either penetrating new markets or maintaining existing ones. FDI of this kind may also be employed as defensive strategy; it is argued that businesses are more likely to be pushed towards this type of investment out of fear of losing a market rather than discovering a new one .This type of FDI can be characterized by the foreign Mergers and Acquisitions in the 1980s by Accounting, Advertising and Law firms (Cohen, Market-Seeking FDI , 2007). 1.3.3.3 Efficient-Seeking FDI Investments which firms hope will increase their efficiency by exploiting the benefits of economies of scale and scope and also those of common ownership. It is suggested that this type of FDI comes after either resource or market seeking investments have been realized, with the expectation that it further increases the profitability of the firm. Typically, this type of FDI is mostly widely practiced between developed economies; especially those within closely integrated markets (Cohen, Efficiency-Seeking FDI, 2007). 1.3.3.4 Strategic-Asset-Seeking FDI A tactical investment to prevent the loss of resource to a competitor. Easily compared to that of the oil producers, whom may not need the oil at present, but look to prevent their competitors from having it (OECD, Strategic-Asset-Seeking FDI , 2002). 1.3.3.5 Political Oppositions to FDI In the late 1960s and early 1970s foreign direct investment became increasingly politicized. Organized labor, convinced that foreign investment exported jobs, undertook a major campaign to reform the tax provisions which affected foreign direct investment. The Foreign Trade and Investment Act of 1973 (or the Burke-Hartke Bill) would have eliminated both the tax credit and tax deferral. The Nixon Administration, influential members of Congress of both parties, and well-financed lobbying organizations came to the defense of the multinational. The massive counterattack of the multinational corporations and their allies defeated this first major challenge to their interests (Finance, 2006). 1.3.3.6 Private Foreign Investment Few areas in the economics of development arouse so much controversy and are subject to such varying interpretations as the issue of the benefits and costs of private foreign investment. If, however, we look closely at this controversy, we will find that the disagreement is not so much about the influence of MNCs on traditional economics aggregate such as GDP, investment, savings, and manufacturing growth rates (though these disagreements do indeed exist) as about the fundamental economic and social meaning of development as it relates to the diverse activities of MNCs. In other words, the controversy over the role and impact of foreign private investment often has as its basis a fundamental disagreement about the nature, style, and character of a desirable development process (Todaro, 1989). Components of FDI The components of FDI are equity capital, reinvested earnings and intra-company loans: Equity Capital Equity in unincorporated entities, non-cash acquisition against technology transfer, plant and machinery, goodwill, business development and similar considerations control premium and non-competition fee (Components of FDI, 2004).The foreign direct investors net purchase of the share and loans of an enterprise in a country other than its own. Reinvested Earnings The part of an affiliates earnings accruing to the foreign investors that is reinvested in that enterprise. Intra-company Loans (Other Capital) Short or long-term loans, trade credit, suppliers credit, financial-leasing, financial derivatives, debt securities from parent firms to affiliate enterprises or vice versa. In the case of banks, deposits, bills and short-term loans are not included. 1.5 Benefits of FDI: The economic benefits of FDI are real, but they do not accrue automatically. To develop the maximum benefits from foreign corporate presence a healthy enabling environment for business is paramount, which encourages domestic as well as foreign investment, provides incentives for innovation and improvements of skills and contributes to a competitive corporate climate. The net benefits from FDI do not accrue automatically, and their magnitude differs according to host country and context. The magnitude of the benefits from FDI depends on the efforts of host countries to put in place the appropriate frameworks but even less-well performing countries may benefit, inter alia by using FDI as a supplement to scarce financial resources. The factors that hold back the full benefits of FDI in some developing countries include the level of general education and health, the technological level of host country enterprises, insufficient openness to trade, weak competition and inadequate regulatory frameworks. Conversely, a level of technological, educational and infrastructure achievement in a developing country does, other things being equal, equip it better to benefit from a foreign presence in its markets (OECD, Benefits of FDI, 2002) The Perceived Benefits of FDI A Zero-Sum Game: As with international trade, it is argued that the free movement of investment capital increases the aggregate sum of global wealth. FDI is not a zero-sum game. If capital is allowed to flow where its owners consider it can be employed most efficiently, then the highest return on capital will be achieved. Restrictions upon FDI necessarily result in the inefficient utilization of capital. This does not, of course, mean that everyone necessarily benefits from FDI- simply that the total benefit should outweigh the total detriment. Nor, of course, does if assume that capital will always be used efficiently- though it is assumed that restrictions upon FDI flows will result in less efficient utilization than if those restrictions did not exist. If one accepts that FDI produces a net benefit in global terms, then everyone should be happy so long as that benefit is shared fairly among the host country, the home country, the firm that undertakes it, and those persons most clo sely affected by the activities of the firm- its shareholders, customers, suppliers and workers (Easson, Benefits of FDI, 2004). FDI from the perspective of home countries: FDI is gen

Lesson 6

Key Question 6 a) The opening Act of King Lear evidently portrays Lear’s downward movement as it coincides with Aristotle’s structure of Greek tragedy. The play begins with Lear, a hero of noble birth and ruler of Britain, in an ordered society soon to be disrupted by a fatal flaw that is the result of his excessive pride. His journey from the ordered to the disordered world becomes apparent after he hands his land over to his two elder daughters and banishes his youngest daughter Cordelia from the kingdom.The initial situation began when Lear asks Cordelia, â€Å"What can you say to draw / A third more opulent than your sisters? † (I i 87-88), in which she answers â€Å"Nothing, my lord† (I i 89). This demonstrates Lear’s arrogance and triggers the rash decision he makes that would greatly impact the tragic events that follow. At the end of the scene, his two elder daughters immediately work to conspire against him so that he would be left with no power at all. Goneril says to Regan that they â€Å"must do something, and i’ th’ heat† (I ii 311).This foreshadows Lear’s impending downward movement and begins the reversal of his fortunes as things go from bad to worse. Lear’s recognition of the truth and the existence of his tragic circumstance becomes slightly clear to him when he wonders whether he has lost his mind and cries out â€Å"O let me not be mad, not mad, sweet heaven! † (I v 46). Act I leaves off at this stage where Lear is about to suffer tremendously before further stages of recognition, retribution, and restitution occur later in the play. ) In Act I of King Lear, references to the principle motifs of nature and the unnatural, sanity/madness, and â€Å"nothing† all reinforce the downward movement of Lear’s perception of his own identity. Lear’s Fool constantly tries to warn him of his mistake in a series of riddles, puns, and songs: â€Å"The hedge-s parrow fed the cuckoo so long / That it had it head bit off by it young† (I iv 221-222). Referencing the nature of animals in that song, the Fool is telling Lear that his two daughters resemble a traitorous â€Å"cuckoo† who betrays the one who raised them.This emphasizes the eventual downward movement of Lear’ perception of his own identity as a father who is so â€Å"loved† by his daughters. When Lear leaves Goneril’s castle and is preparing to visit his other daughter Regan, he prayed to heaven that he would not go crazy: â€Å"O let me not be mad, not mad, sweet heaven! Keep me in temper, I would not be mad! † (I v 46-47). Lear’s fear of going insane from his daughter’s betrayal demonstrates another downward movement of Lear’s perception of his own identity.Also, references to the motif of nothingness occur when the Fool is speaking to Lear in the presence of Kent. The Fool asks Lear, â€Å"Can you make no use of not hing, Nuncle? † (I iv 133-134), in which Lear responds, â€Å"Why, no boy. Nothing can be made out of nothing† (I iv 135-136). This is foreshadowing Lear’s inevitable downfall because he would soon have nothing to make use of since he has chosen to hand all of his formal authority over to his two daughters who do not actually love him.It appears that Lear’s perception of his positive, all-powerful identity is about to lead him into a tragic breakdown in the way the three motifs of nature and the unnatural, sanity/madness, and â€Å"nothing† are referenced throughout the first Act of the play. c) Lear calls upon his three daughters and announces that he intends to divide his kingdom among them, promising the greatest share to the daughter who declares that she loves him the most.Goneril begins with her speech telling Lear that she loves him â€Å"more than words can wield† (I i 57) and Regan makes a request to receive the same value of fortune s as her sister, telling Lear, â€Å"I am made of that same mettle as my sister, / And prize me at her worth. In my true heart / I find she names my very deed of love† (I i 71-73). Both daughters’ speeches, filled with exaggerated flattery and blatant lies, earn each one a generous portion of the kingdom, while Lear decides to banish his youngest daughter Cordelia for not flattering him as the sisters did.As a result, Kent intercepts to warn Lear, â€Å"Reserve thy state, / And in thy best consideration check / This hideous rashness. Answer my life my judgment† (I i 151-153). Kent stakes his life on his opinion that Cordelia is actually the most loyal of the three daughters and begs for Lear to reconsider his rash decision, but he too gets banished by Lear, showing us how Lear is causing his own downward movement due to his excessive pride. Goneril later insults the foolishness of Lear giving away his powers, when she tells Oswald â€Å"let him to my sister, / Whose mind and mine I know in that are one, / Not to be overruled.Idle old man, / That still would manage those authorities / That he hath given away† (I iii 15-19). This shows Lear’s downward movement as Goneril treats him poorly and is certain her sister will treat him the same way. The Fool also reminds Lear of his terrible decision in handing his fortunes over to his daughters. When Lear begins to realize his own mistake, the Fool tells him in a riddle that a snail has a house â€Å"to put ‘s head in; not to give it away to his daughters, and leave his horns without a case† (I v 31-32).All of these situations demonstrate the inevitable downfall of the noble King Lear as his two daughters conspire to strip him of all his remaining power and fortunes. Key Question 9 In an ordered society, both justice and mercy are fundamental. However, in many circumstances they cannot be simultaneously applied. On its own, justice is more essential than mercy in order t o maintain a civilized society. With a system of justice, we could prevent future crimes from taking place, maintain people’s rights and freedom, as well as prevent society from plunging into a state of destruction.With a justice system in place we could take preventive measures against future crimes and laws being broken. If people are punished for the crimes they commit, there would be fewer crimes and less mayhem in the world. People who demonstrate no mecy or remorse for the harm they inflict upon others deserve to be punished, otherwise they will continue their wrongdoings. In Act IV of King Lear, when Cornwall dies from the injuries inflicted by the servant during Gloucester’s blinding, Albany interprets his death as divine retribution.He cries out â€Å"This shows you are above, / You justicers, that these our nether crimes / So speedily can venge† (Iv ii 79-80). Since Cornwall has been punished for blinding Gloucester he can no longer harm other characte rs. Cornwall carried on with his evil intentions until he received his punishment (his own death) which finally put an end to his actions. Society requires a justice system in order to maintain people’s rights, freedom, and equality. In the play, Edgar, Cordelia, and Kent are three characters who have been treated unfairly and were left with no opportunity o prove themselves innocent. Cordelia is fortunate to have her own freedom after leaving the kingdom and marrying the Duke of France. However, Edgar and Kent were left to fend for themselves in order to survive and be accepted by others. When Edgar runs into his father Gloucester, he cries, â€Å"Who is ‘t can say ‘I am at the worst? ’ / I am worse than e’er I was† (Iv i 24-26). Edgar, who must disguise himself as â€Å"poor mad Tom† (IV i 27) in order to be accepted, considers the condition he is in as being the worst ever, compared to anyone else.These characters should be able to s tand up for themselves and voice their opinions without being wrongly punished when it is not what other people want to hear. Edgar and Kent are left to suffer from other people’s mistakes because there is no righteousness in the way they were treated. In an ordered society, everyone deserves to have their own freedom of speech and be treated as equal, regardless of their opinions on different matters. Social justice can ensure that every individual receives the same treatment.An all-merciful society would lead the world to a state of ultimate chaos and destruction. Human existence would constantly be threatened by the dangers of society without a proper system of justice. Regan and Goneril continue to pose as a threat towards Lear and those who are on his side. When arguing with his wife, Albany points out that â€Å"If the heavens do not their visible spirits / Send quickly down to tame these vile offenses, / It will come, / Humanity must perforce prey on itself, / Like mo nsters of the deep. (iv ii 46-49). Albany implies that if the gods do not quickly bring justice everyone will eventually turn against each other, so without someone serving justice to all the evil people, humanity would be threatened by our own human race. Justice would prevail over mercy. In order to maintain a civilized society, people should receive proper punishment and suffer the consequences for their crimes so that we can prevent further crimes in the world, promote freedom and equality, and prevent tyranny in the world.If the Lear universe had a system of justice in place much like in our world today, many of the events leading to the tragic ending could have been avoided. Justice, in all aspects, makes a better resolution than mercy and will continue to serve to make society safe and secure. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. King Lear. Toronto: Signet Classic Shakespeare, 1998. Well expressed but a bit overstated! Justice involves more than punishment so the concept of just ice that you were working from is skewed. 45/50

Research: Decision Theory and Pilot Testing

Chapter 4 Terms in Review 1. Some questions are answerable by research and others are not. Using some management problems of your choosing, distinguish between them. When management wants to find out which method of a production process is the most efficient in terms of operational productivity we can use research to provide usable results. When management wants to know if now is a good time to take on debt for equipment upgrades is, research may not be able to provide usable results.Due to the extensive number of variables affecting financing decisions research will likely not be able to assist in this decision. The current market conditions, economy, interest rates, industry competition, and many other items require a type of analysis that research can not provide. 2. Discuss the problems of trading off exploration and pilot testing under tight budgetary constraints. What are the immediate and long-term effects? The text discussed that often pilot testing is not done to both reduce costs and also to reduce the total research time.Not conducting pilot testing can then immediately progress the research process or reduce the total cost of the research but it can possibly have negative long-term effects. By not conducting pilot testing your research results may suffer because the proper information is not being gathered. A pilot test often provides indication of problems with the data gathering process. There may also be an overall increased cost with no additional benefit when no pilot testing has been completed.The pilot test can not only indicate incorrect information be gathered but can also provide some indication as to whether the proper research questions have been asked. When the research questions being asked do not answer the true management questions then the conducted research will be useless. Useless research is a wasted expense. Pilot testing can indicate whether more in-depth research is required thus providing a possible cost reduction or a better justification for proceeding with a higher cost project. 3.A company is experiencing a poor inventory management situation and receives alternative research proposals. Proposal 1 is to use an audit of last year’s transactions as a basis for recommendations. Proposal 2 is to study and recommend changes to the procedures and system used by the materials department. Discuss issues of evaluation in terms of (a) Ex post facto versus prior evaluation, and (b) Evaluation using option analysis and decision theory. Both of these proposals are going to be quite difficult to evaluate.The need of the research will determine which method will be followed. Ex post factor or after-the-fact evaluation will determine the total cost of each proposal after the research studies are completed. This makes it quite difficult to determine whether the research is providing enough benefit to make it worthwhile until after the cost has been incurred. Thus for either of these systems it may be a better decision to proceed with a prior or interim evaluation method.Under this method the research is designed in stages and an ex post facto evaluation is performed at the end of each stage. Then a determination is made deciding if enough benefit has been generated to proceed to the next stage thus allowing management to get results while also controlling cost. Option analysis may also be used to evaluate the two proposed studies. With option analysis the studies are designed in a very explicit manner thus allowing an organization to compare estimated costs (based on prior research approximations) versus an expected benefit.Management will then select one proposal over another depending on the cost benefit ratio and current need. Decision theory allows management to make decisions based on defined criteria. Each criterion consists of a decision rule and a decision variable. The selection process then consists of analysis determining which proposal either increases the decision variable or which follows the decision rule. This information is considered with a choice being determined by the rules and current management need.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge Romanticism - 1065 Words

Samuel Taylor Coleridge s Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a poem which forged the beginnings of the romantic era in which Coleridge lived. Whilst still containing vivid imagery characteristic of the romantic era, its ballad form and its internal archaisms reflect another more ancient period of literature, though no specific one. Part three of the poem entails the mariner recounting the crew s thirst and the sighting of the ship, which turned out to be a form of ghost ship which carried Death and the personified nightmare Living Death. Death and Living Death gambled with dice and Living Death won, upon which it instantly became night and the entire crew bar the mariner died, though not before cursing him with their eyes. The Rime of the†¦show more content†¦The rhyming pattern returns to abcb and thus returns to the most common rhythm in the poem, returning the tale to normal time. The first line seems slower than the following three, as it contains elongated vowel sounds in o ne, after and moon, and the repetition of one seems to draw out the anger felt by the crew at the mariner. The sixteenth stanza details the death of the crew members. In line three there is internal rhyme in the words thump and lump, as well as alliteration in lifeless lump. This, coupled with the repetition of the word one in the fourth line, creates the sense of swift brutality surrounding the crew members deaths as the sounds are quite abrupt and decisive. This stanza introduces a slightly apocalyptic tone, appearing frequently in romantic poetry as a result of the expectations of an apocalypse aroused by the French Revolution. After the apocalypse it was expected that the world would begin anew, and restore its relationship with God, which may be indicative of Coleridge s own feeling of longing and alienation from God. The seventeenth stanza describes the souls leaving the crews bodies. In this stanza the rhyming pattern changes to abab, serving to make this stanza more conclusive as it ends part three. In the third and fourth lines there is a continued simile, of the souls passing the mariner by like the whiz of his cross bow. This emphasises the speed at which the souls left and the mariner s powerlessness to stop it fromShow MoreRelatedThe Troubled Souls Of Burdened Authors In The Late Eighteenth1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe troubled souls of burdened authors in the late eighteenth through late nineteenth century permitted Romanticism to be recognized as the different development that characterized disaster and sentimentalism as the justification for delightful motivation. Authors amid this time were considered to be furious with no health to the spirit. Because of the substance that most sentimentalists showed, it is stated that most were sincerely and mentally aggravated. The unwillingness i nside every spirit canRead MoreThe Rime Of The Ancient Mariner878 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Coleridge and his friend, William Wordsworth, put together a collection of their work called Lyrical Ballads. It contained Coleridge’s famous poem Rime of the Ancient Mariner. This collection is widely recognized as the initiation of the shift towards modern poetry and British Romantic literature. Although the poem’s deliberate use of antiquated language differed from romantic poetry’s use of modern languageRead MoreBirds of Joy and of Death are Poetic Symbols737 Words   |  3 Pagesby Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe, the symbolic message takes the form of a bird. A comparison of the symbolic meaning of the individual birds is needed to further understand what message the author intended to display within each story. In both tellings, the birds’ coming signifies a change. 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